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Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S.

Does Import Competition Induce R&D Reallocation? Evidence from the U.S. »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2017/253

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Rui Xu , and Kaiji Gong

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 16 November 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484326008.001

ISBN: 9781484326008

Keywords: Western Hemisphere, Asia and Pacific, United States, Chinese Import Competition, R&D Expenditures, Reallocation, R&D Expenditures, Country and Industry Studies of Trade, Trade and Labor Market Interactions

We analyze the impact of rising import competition from China on U.S. innovative activities. Using Compustat data, we find that import competition induces R&D expenditures to be reallocated towards more productive...

Political Institutions, State Building, and Tax Capacity : Crossing the Tipping Point

Political Institutions, State Building, and Tax Capacity : Crossing the Tipping Point »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2016/233

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Vitor Gaspar , Laura Jaramillo , and Philippe Wingender

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 02 December 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475558142.001

ISBN: 9781475558142

Keywords: Nigeria, Political economy, Income taxes, Taxation, Tax evasion, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tax administration, Spain, Western Hemisphere, China

An empirical finding by Gaspar, Jaramillo and Wingender (2016) shows that once countries cross a tax-to-GDP threshold of around 12¾ percent, real GDP per capita increases sharply and in a sustained manner over the...

Emerging Market Volatility : Lessons from The Taper Tantrum

Emerging Market Volatility : Lessons from The Taper Tantrum »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2014/9

Series: Staff Discussion Notes

Author(s): Ratna Sahay , Vivek Arora , Athanasios Arvanitis , Hamid Faruqee , Papa N'Diaye , and Tommaso Mancini Griffoli

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 02 October 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498318204.006

ISBN: 9781498318204

Keywords: Monetary policy, Emerging markets, United States, Capital flows, Financial markets, Capital market volatility, Macroprudential Policy, Developed countries, Tapering, unconventional monetary policy

Accommodative monetary policies in advanced economies have spurred increased capital inflows into emerging markets since the global financial crisis. Starting in May 2013, when the Federal Reserve publicly discusse...

Fiscal Policy and the Real Exchange Rate

Fiscal Policy and the Real Exchange Rate »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2012/52

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Santanu Chatterjee , and Azer Mursagulov

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781463937133.001

ISBN: 9781463937133

Keywords: real exchange rate, intersectoral adjustment costs, exchange rate, government spending, government spending shocks, Macroeconomic Aspects Of International Trade And Finance, National Government Expenditures And Related Policies,

Government spending on infrastructure has recently increased sharply in many emerging-market economies. This paper examines the mechanism through which public infrastructure spending affects the dynamics of the rea...

Fiscal Stimulus and Credibility in Emerging Countries

Fiscal Stimulus and Credibility in Emerging Countries »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2010/123

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Magda Kandil , and Hanan Morsy

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 May 2010

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781455200825.001

ISBN: 9781455200825

Keywords: credibility, effectiveness, cyclicality, fiscal impulse, exchange rate, fiscal expansion, Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General, Open Economy Macroeconomics,

Across a sample of thirty four emerging countries, the evidence shows the frequent existence of a pro-cyclical fiscal impulse. However, the scope for countercyclical policy increases with the availability of intern...

Republic of the Marshall Islands : Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

Republic of the Marshall Islands : Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2008/186

Series: IMF Staff Country Reports

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 17 June 2008

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451825947.002

ISBN: 9781451825947

Keywords: budget, fiscal surplus, fiscal adjustment, fiscal consolidation

The strategy that has the best chance of allowing the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI) to achieve fiscal sustainability after FY2023 involves substantial fiscal consolidation. The alternative (policy action) scen...

Fiscal Coverage in the Countries of the Middle East and Central Asia : Current Situation and a Way Forward

Fiscal Coverage in the Countries of the Middle East and Central Asia : Current Situation and a Way Forward »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2008/111

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Daria Zakharova

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 April 2008

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451869712.001

ISBN: 9781451869712

Keywords: Fiscal coverage, public enterprises, fiscal risks, fiscal statistics, fiscal policy, fiscal accounts, Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government,

This paper reviews some broad principles of fiscal coverage, building on cross-country experience. It discusses the level of coverage that would be appropriate to conduct good quality fiscal analysis, while strikin...

Tax Rate Cuts and Tax Compliance-The Laffer Curve Revisited

Tax Rate Cuts and Tax Compliance-The Laffer Curve Revisited »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2008/7

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Tamás Papp , and Elöd Takáts

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 January 2008

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451868692.001

ISBN: 9781451868692

Keywords: tax evasion, Laffer curve, tax authority, tax rate cuts,

The paper shows how tax rate cuts can increase revenues by improving tax compliance. The intuition is that tax evasion has externalities: tax evaders protect each other, because they tie down limited enforcement ca...

Sustaining Latin America's Resurgence : Some Historical Perspectives

Sustaining Latin America's Resurgence : Some Historical Perspectives »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2006/252

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Anoop Singh , and Martin Cerisola

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 November 2006

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451865127.001

ISBN: 9781451865127

Keywords: Macroeconomic Policy, Policy Design and Consistency, Economic Growth, Open Economies, fiscal policy, exchange rate, exchange rate regimes, discretionary fiscal policy, exchange rates, Prices

This paper looks at the historical lessons that might serve to entrech Latin America's newly resurgent growth phase. It briefly reviews the post-World War II experiences in Latin America and Asia, focusing on the c...

Front-Loaded or Back-Loaded Fiscal Adjustments : What Works in Emerging Market Economies?

Front-Loaded or Back-Loaded Fiscal Adjustments : What Works in Emerging Market Economies? »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2004/157

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Benedict Clements , Sanjeev Gupta , Emanuele Baldacci , and Carlos Mulas-Granados

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 August 2004

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451857528.001

ISBN: 9781451857528

Keywords: fiscal consolidations, fiscal adjustments, fiscal sustainability, probability, statistics, Duration Analysis, Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General,

This paper investigates the political and economic determinants of successful fiscal adjustment in 25 emerging market economies from 1980 to 2001. The results show that large and back-loaded fiscal adjustments have...