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The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities

The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities »

Article

Source: The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities

Volume/Issue: 2016/14

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Elva Bova , Marta Ruiz-Arranz , Frederik Toscani , and H. Elif Ture

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 08 February 2016

ISBN: 9781498303606

Keywords: Fiscal Crisis, General, All Countries,, Budget deficits, Public debt, Contingent liabilities

We construct the first comprehensive dataset of contingent liability realizations in advanced and emerging markets for the period 1990–2014. We find that contingent liability realizations are a major source of fisc...

How Big Are the Benefits of Economic Diversification? Evidence from Earthquakes

How Big Are the Benefits of Economic Diversification? Evidence from Earthquakes »

Article

Source: How Big Are the Benefits of Economic Diversification? Evidence from Earthquakes

Volume/Issue: 2005/48

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Rodney Ramcharan

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 2005

ISBN: 9781451860672

Keywords: Risk, diversification, earthquakes, earthquake, disasters, epidemiology of disasters, Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment

Economic activity is risky. Returns across economic sectors can be highly variable, potentially causing costly adjustments to consumption. However, when returns are imperfectly correlated across sectors and insuran...

ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries »

Article

Source: ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Volume/Issue: 2010/66

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Markus Haacker

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 2010

ISBN: 9781451982107

Keywords: ICT, technology, equipment investment, technological progress, trade data, technological advances, information technology, net exports, Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, One

While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established g...

How Big Are the Benefits of Economic Diversification? Evidence from Earthquakes

How Big Are the Benefits of Economic Diversification? Evidence from Earthquakes »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2005/48

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Rodney Ramcharan

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 2005

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451860672.001

ISBN: 9781451860672

Keywords: Risk, diversification, earthquakes, earthquake, disasters, epidemiology of disasters, Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment

Economic activity is risky. Returns across economic sectors can be highly variable, potentially causing costly adjustments to consumption. However, when returns are imperfectly correlated across sectors and insuran...

ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2010/66

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Markus Haacker

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 2010

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451982107.001

ISBN: 9781451982107

Keywords: ICT, technology, equipment investment, technological progress, trade data, technological advances, information technology, net exports, Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, One

While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established g...

Improving the Estimation Methodology of Monthly Data in Direction of Trade Statistics

Improving the Estimation Methodology of Monthly Data in Direction of Trade Statistics »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 1994/142

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Xiaoning Gong

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 December 1994

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451927467.001

ISBN: 9781451927467

Keywords: world trade, trade data, trade partners, trade figures, trade partner

The quality of the estimated data in DOTS depends on the availability and accuracy of direction of trade reports and the estimation methodology. Because of the low coverage of monthly reporting, the estimating proc...

Military Expenditure : International Comparison of Trends

Military Expenditure : International Comparison of Trends »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 1991/54

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Daniel Hewitt

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 May 1991

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451847420.001

ISBN: 9781451847420

Keywords: military, military expenditures, expenditures, expenditure, military expenditure

This paper analyzes trends in world military expenditure by examining the shares of different country groups and the ratio to GDP of individual nations. The coverage is military expenditures in 125 countries from 1...

Military Expenditures 1972-1990 : The Reasons Behind the Post-1985 Fall in World Military Spending

Military Expenditures 1972-1990 : The Reasons Behind the Post-1985 Fall in World Military Spending »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 1993/18

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Daniel Hewitt

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 1993

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451843590.001

ISBN: 9781451843590

Keywords: military, military expenditures, expenditures, military spending, military expenditure

World military expenditures have fallen by over 20 percent in proportion to GDP from 1985 to 1990. This study examines the determinants of military expenditures in 125 countries during 1972-90 to ascertain what fac...

Recent Export Credit Market Developments

Recent Export Credit Market Developments »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 1997/27

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 1997

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451844481.001

ISBN: 9781451844481

Keywords: export credit, export credit agencies, export credits, investment insurance, credit markets

Export credit agencies (ECAs) have played a critical role in financing for developing countries in recent years, and officially supported export credits have been growing in volume. The current export credit exposu...

The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities

The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2016/14

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Elva Bova , Marta Ruiz-Arranz , Frederik Toscani , and H. Elif Ture

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 08 February 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498303606.001

ISBN: 9781498303606

Keywords: Fiscal Crisis, General, All Countries,, Budget deficits, Public debt, Contingent liabilities

We construct the first comprehensive dataset of contingent liability realizations in advanced and emerging markets for the period 1990–2014. We find that contingent liability realizations are a major source of fisc...