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The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities »
Source: The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities
Volume/Issue: 2016/14
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Elva Bova , Marta Ruiz-Arranz , Frederik Toscani , and H. Elif Ture
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 08 February 2016
ISBN: 9781498303606
Keywords: Fiscal Crisis, General, All Countries,, Budget deficits, Public debt, Contingent liabilities
We construct the first comprehensive dataset of contingent liability realizations in advanced and emerging markets for the period 1990–2014. We find that contingent liability realizations are a major source of fisc...
Firm Heterogeneity and Weak Intellectual Property Rights »
Source: Firm Heterogeneity and Weak Intellectual Property Rights
Volume/Issue: 2007/161
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Stanley Watt
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 July 2007
ISBN: 9781451867251
Keywords: Firm Heterogeneity, Intellectual Property Rights, r &;amp; d, standard errors, equation, outlier, probability,
In weak intellectual property rights (IPR) environments, the imitation of proprietary technology by domestic firms has become a deterrent for foreign investment. Different multinationals may view this deterrent dif...
Appendix IV: Executive Directors and Voting Power on April 30, 1981 »
Source: International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1981
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 September 1981
ISBN: 9781616351939
Keywords: exchange rate, exchange rates, current account, foreign exchange, balance of payments
Director Alternate Cast...
Appendix V: Changes in Membership of Executive Board »
Source: International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1981
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 September 1981
ISBN: 9781616351939
Keywords: exchange rate, exchange rates, current account, foreign exchange, balance of payments
Changes in membership of the Executive Board between May 1, 1980 and April 30, 1981 were as follows: D. Lakshman Kannangara (Sri Lanka) was appointed Alternate Executive...
Appendix I »
Source: International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1981
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 September 1981
ISBN: 9781616351939
Keywords: exchange rate, exchange rates, current account, foreign exchange, balance of payments
The Fund in 1980/81 The tables in this appendix supplement the information given in Chapter 3 on the activities of the Fund during the financial year ended April 30, 1981. In two tab...
II Macroeconomic Balance Approach »
Source: Exchange Rate Assessments : CGER Methodologies
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s): Jaewoo Lee , Jonathan Ostry , Alessandro Prati , Luca Ricci , and Gian Milesi-Ferretti
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 07 April 2008
ISBN: 9781589066380
Keywords: Exchange rates, Exchange rate assessments, current account, exchange rate, current account balance, real exchange rate
The macroeconomic balance approach to exchange rate assessments consists of three steps. First, an equilibrium relationship between current account balances and a set of fundamentals is estimated with panel...
III Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate Approach »
Source: Exchange Rate Assessments : CGER Methodologies
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s): Jaewoo Lee , Jonathan Ostry , Alessandro Prati , Luca Ricci , and Gian Milesi-Ferretti
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 07 April 2008
ISBN: 9781589066380
Keywords: Exchange rates, Exchange rate assessments, current account, exchange rate, current account balance, real exchange rate
The reduced-form equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) approach to exchange rate assessment consists of three steps. First, panel regression techniques are used to estimate an equilibrium relationship betwee...
Chapter 2: Developments in the International Monetary System »
Source: International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1981
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 September 1981
ISBN: 9781616351939
Keywords: exchange rate, exchange rates, current account, foreign exchange, balance of payments
The behavior of exchange rates during 1980 and the first half of 1981 reflected the fundamental problems of the international economy during this period. Continued divergences among...
Chapter 3: Activities of the Fund »
Source: International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1981
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 September 1981
ISBN: 9781616351939
Keywords: exchange rate, exchange rates, current account, foreign exchange, balance of payments
An Overview Recent and prospective changes in the world economy have had a pronounced impact on the scale of activities as well as on the policies and procedures of the Fund. In addi...
Chapter 1: Developments in the World Economy »
Source: International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1981
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 September 1981
ISBN: 9781616351939
Keywords: exchange rate, exchange rates, current account, foreign exchange, balance of payments
Introduction The world economic situation during 1980 and the first half of 1981 was difficult and disappointing in important respects. Nevertheless, signs of progress in dealing wit...